The Four Noble Truths describe the reality of the struggle with life and a way to curb strife through the curbing of craving and the following of the noble eight-fold path. The Four Noble Truths are: dukkha (literally “suffering”; here “unsatisfactoriness”) is an innate characteristic of existence in the realm of samsara; samudaya (origin, arising, combination;‘cause’): dukkha arises or continues with tanhā (“craving, desire or attachment, lit.“thirst”). tanhā is traditionally interpreted in western languages as the ‘cause’ of dukkha , tanha can also be seen as the factor tying us to dukkha, or as a response to dukkha, trying to escape it;